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Business contracts concluded with consumers
Polák, Jindřich ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Flídr, Jan (referee)
Business contracts concluded with consumers Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of unfair terms in consumer contracts. This topic presents a particular sector of the legal regulation of business contracts concluded with consumers. The Czech republic's regulation on unfair terms in consumer contracts derives from the law of European union. In particular it concerns the Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts. The system of protection introduced by the Directive is based on the premise that the consumer is in a weak position in regards to both his bargaining power and his level of knowledge. This leads to the consumer agreeing to contract terms drawn up in advance by the trader without being able to influence their content. Therefore, the Directive forbids such term if, contrary to the requirement of good faith, it causes a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract, detriment to the consumer. Initially the Czech legislator implemented said Directive in an inapt manner. These shortcomings are being repaired by the recently adopted amendment to the Civil Code and Act on Consumer Protection. This amendment also reflects the current development of the European union's consumer law. The core of this thesis is the...
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Unilateral changes in commercial terms
Sagan, Klára ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Unilateral changes in commercial terms Abstract The subject of this thesis is the issue of unilateral changes in commercial terms in B2C relations, both in general legislation and in sectoral legislation, specifically in the Energy Act. The thesis aims to reveal the gaps in the legal regulation and at the same time to fill these gaps or to offer alternative solutions. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters represent the theoretical framework necessary for the following parts of the thesis. The first chapter is devoted to commercial terms as a means of standardization and rationalization of legal relations, in particular their concept in Czech legal system, which is crucial for dealing with related institutes, including unilateral changes. The chapter also briefly discusses the conditions of incorporation of standard terms into a contract as a prerequisite for subsequent amendment of commercial terms. The second chapter defines terms that I consider to be important in relation to unilateral changes to commercial terms. The third chapter finally opens up the issue of unilateral changes in commercial terms from a general point of view. It discusses the systematic classification in the Civil Code (CC), the adherence of the term and the development of the institute. The most important...
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Consumer protection options for one-sided contracting in the financial sector
Bažant, David ; Liška, Petr (referee)
Consumer protection options for one-sided contracting in the financial sector Abstract This thesis analyses the problems between consumers and business professionals in the financial sector. The author has chosen this topic because it seriously impacts everyone who intends to sign a contract for financial services. The significant imbalance between the contracting parties brings a risk that the stronger and more informed party will abuse its position to gain a disproportionate advantage. A legal system tries to redress this imbalance through the legal institutes for consumer protection. The law maker seeks to prevent the undesirable events that have occurred in the past and continue to occur by interfering with private law relations because of the public interest in consumer protection. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of the available options of consumer protection and to evaluate legal institutes that are the most effective for consumers. The thesis is primarily based on the analysis of the regulations and l legal publications, conceptual documents prepared by the European Union bureaucracy. Furthermore, the analysis presented here, evaluates the implementation and adoption of the European directives and the approach of the courts in selected Member States in the review of unfair terms....
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Legal regulation of content of B2C contracts (from the perspective of consumer protection)
Opolzerová, Kristýna ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
1 Legal regulation of content of B2C contracts (from the perspective of consumer protection) Abstract This diploma thesis is dedicated to the legal regulation of the content of the consumer contract from the perspective of the consumer. In particular, the thesis is aimed at the adjustment of the unfair terms regulation which analyses profoundly. The transposition of the European regulation and possible shortcomings are evaluated. The thesis is divided into six main chapters, which develop the topic from general basics to the specific aspects of the consumer protection against unfair terms used by the entrepreneurs. The first chapter deals with the consumer protection in general, presents the main characteristics of consumer law and outlines the most important sources of legal regulation, including constitutional principles. The second part specifies the essential definitions related to the topic and used throughout the diploma thesis. The emphasis is given to the problems associated with the concepts of consumer contracts and entrepreneurs and consumers as contractual parties. The third chapter looks id detail into the subject of unfair terms when it comprehensively deals with the general definition of unfair clauses in the Unfair Terms Directive and the Civil Code. The emphasis is given to the each...
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Legal regulation of content of B2C contracts (from the perspective of consumer protection)
Krahulíková, Kateřina ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Pelikán, Robert (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the content of the consumer contract and its regulation from the perspective of consumers. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this particular regulation, decide whether it is sufficient, where can be seen some deficiencies and whether the regulations fulfil its function, that is to protect the weaker party. The thesis is divided into five fundamental parts. The first one is concerned with the introductory issues, such as the consumer itself, consumer protection, why is the consumer actually protected, the principles on which is the protection based. The second part looks into the unfair terms in consumer contracts. The emphasis is placed on problematic provisions with respect to the Court of Justice case-law as well as the national case-law. An independent head is devoted to the possibility of the contractual penalty in terms of trade. The third section deals with contractual information requirements. It summarizes the European regulation. It also compares the preceding regulation with the new one in order to find the current tendencies. The contractual information requirements are viewed critically, based on specialized comments and analysis. The national regulation is divided into the general regulation and consumer regulation considering the difference between...
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Unfair terms in consumer contracts in the scope of the Council directive 93/13/EEC
Fabian, Petr ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
- Anglický jazyk Unfair terms in consumer contracts in the scope of the Council Directive 93/13/EEC The protection of consumer against unfair terms in consumer contracts was enacted to our legal order by the transposition of the Council Directive 93/13/EEC, on unfair terms in consumer contract. Until the day of the entry of the Czech Republic to the European Union, there was no legal regulation of the unfair terms in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the pros and cons of the Council Directive 93/13/EEC. Consequently this thesis deals with the detailed analysis of the transposition of the directive to the legal order of the Czech Republic. As for the questions de lege ferenda, from this point of view thesis proposes the way of elimination of the lacks of the Council Directive 93/13/EEC and the lacks of the regulation of unfair terms in the valid Czech Civil Code. In the case of the new Civil Code the thesis deals mainly with the questions of conformity of the new Civil Code to the valid Council Directive 93/13/EEC and also deals with the future evolution of the consumer law at the level of the European Union. This thesis also compares the way of transposition of the Council Directive 93/13/EEC in the Czech Republic with the way of transposition of this directive in...
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